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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chess set</span></span>
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<p>A <b>chess set</b> consists of a <a href="Chessboard" title="Chessboard">chessboard</a> and <a href="White_and_Black_in_chess" title="White and Black in chess">white and black</a> <a href="Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">chess pieces</a> for playing <a href="Chess" title="Chess">chess</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are sixteen pieces of each color: one <a href="King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">king</a>, one <a href="Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">queen</a>, two <a href="Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">rooks</a>, two <a href="Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">bishops</a>, two <a href="Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">knights</a>, and eight <a href="Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">pawns</a>. Extra pieces may be provided for use in <a href="Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">promotion</a>, most commonly one extra queen per color. <a href="Chess_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess box">Chess boxes</a>, <a href="Chess_clock" title="Chess clock">chess clocks</a>, and <a href="Chess_table" title="Chess table">chess tables</a> are common pieces of <a href="Chess_equipment" title="Chess equipment">chess equipment</a> used alongside chess sets. Chess sets are made in a wide variety of styles, sometimes for ornamental rather than practical purposes. For tournament play, the <a href="Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton chess set</a> is preferred and, in some cases, required.
</p><p><a href="Human_chess" title="Human chess">Human chess</a> uses people as the pieces. <a href="Blindfold_chess" title="Blindfold chess">Blindfold chess</a> may be played without any set at all.
</p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Middle_Ages_sets">Middle Ages sets</h2></div>
<p>The oldest chess sets adopted abstract shapes following the Muslim traditional sets of the <a href="Shatranj" title="Shatranj">shatranj</a> game. These pieces evolved with time, as more details were added, to a figurative design.<sup id="cite_ref-Free_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Free-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>In the abstract designs, both the king and the queen resemble a throne, with the queen being smaller; the bishop displays two small protuberances, representing elephant tusks; the knight presents a single protuberance, representing the head of a horse; the rook has a V-shaped cut on the top; and the pawn usually has a simple shape.<sup id="cite_ref-Free_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Free-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<p>Notable archaeological chess sets include the following:
</p>
<ul><li>The <i>San Genadio chess pieces</i>, a 9th-century set of two rooks, a knight and a bishop, in abstract form. The pieces, made of Deer antler, were found in Peñalba de Santiago, in <a href="Astorga%2C_Spain" title="Astorga, Spain">Astorga</a> (Spain).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Free_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Free-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In olden times mistaken by relics of <a href="Genadio_of_Astorga" title="Genadio of Astorga">San Genadio</a> (hence the name), they are probably the oldest European chess pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>The <i><a href="Charlemagne_chessmen" title="Charlemagne chessmen">Charlemagne chessmen</a></i>, an 11th-century set probably manufactured in <a href="Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a>, Italy. The set, carved from elephant ivory, was originally inventoried with a total of 30 pieces, but today only 16 are preserved in <a href="Basilica_of_Saint-Denis" title="Basilica of Saint-Denis">Saint Denis</a> : 2 Kings, 2 Queens, 4 Knights, 4 Elephants, 3 Chariots and a Foot Soldier.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>The <a href="Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a>, a collection of 79 assorted 12th-century chess pieces and other game pieces – mostly carved from walrus ivory. Discovered in 1831 on <a href="Isle_of_Lewis" title="Isle of Lewis">Lewis</a> in the <a href="Outer_Hebrides" title="Outer Hebrides">Outer Hebrides</a> of <a href="Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<ul><li>The <a href="Clonard_chess_piece" title="Clonard chess piece">Clonard chess piece</a>, an historic playing piece depicting a queen seated on a throne, dated from the late 12th-century. It was found in a bog in <a href="Clonard%2C_County_Meath" title="Clonard, County Meath">Clonard, Co. Meath</a>, <a href="Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, some time before 1817.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Table_sets">Table sets</h2></div>
<p>The variety of designs available is broad, from small cosmetic changes to highly abstract representations, to themed designs such as those that emulate the drawings from the works of <a href="Lewis_Carroll" title="Lewis Carroll">Lewis Carroll</a>, or modern treatments such as <i><a href="Star_Trek" title="Star Trek">Star Trek</a></i> or <i><a href="The_Simpsons" title="The Simpsons">The Simpsons</a></i>. Themed designs are generally intended for display purposes rather than actual play.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHooperWhyld199276_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHooperWhyld199276-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some works of art are designs of chess sets, such as the modernist chess set by chess enthusiast and <a href="Dada" title="Dada">dadaist</a> <a href="Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Man Ray</a>, that is on display in the <a href="Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Chess pieces used for play are usually <a href="Figurine" title="Figurine">figurines</a> that are taller than they are wide. For example, a set of pieces designed for a chessboard with 2.25 inches (57 mm) squares typically have a king around 3.75 inches (95 mm) tall. Chess sets are available in a variety of designs, the most known being the <a href="Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton design</a>, named after <a href="Howard_Staunton" title="Howard Staunton">Howard Staunton</a>, a 19th-century <a href="England" title="England">English</a> chess player, and designed by <a href="Nathaniel_Cooke" title="Nathaniel Cooke">Nathaniel Cooke</a>. The first Staunton style sets were made in 1849 by <a href="Jaques_of_London" title="Jaques of London">Jaques of London</a> (also known as <i>John Jaques of London</i> and <i>Jaques and Son of London</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJustBurg2003225_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJustBurg2003225-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Wooden white chess pieces are normally made of a light wood, <a href="Buxus" title="Buxus">boxwood</a>, or sometimes <a href="Maple" title="Maple">maple</a>. Black wooden pieces are made of a dark wood such as <a href="Rosewood" title="Rosewood">rosewood</a>, <a href="Ebony" title="Ebony">ebony</a>, <a href="Pterocarpus_santalinus" title="Pterocarpus santalinus">red sandalwood</a>, African Padauk wood (<a href="Pterocarpus_soyauxii" title="Pterocarpus soyauxii">African padauk</a> which is similar to red sandalwood and is marketed as Bud Rosewood or Blood Red Rosewood) or <a href="Walnut" title="Walnut">walnut</a>. Sometimes they are made of boxwood and stained or painted black, brown, or red. The knights in wooden sets are usually hand-carved, accounting for half the cost of the set.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plastic white pieces are made of white or off-white plastic, and plastic black pieces are made of black or red plastic. Sometimes other materials are used, such as bone, ivory, or a composite material.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJustBurg2003224,_226_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJustBurg2003224,_226-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<p>For actual play, pieces of the Staunton chess set design are standard. The height of the king should be between 3.35 to 4.13 inches (85 to 105 mm). <a href="United_States_Chess_Federation" title="United States Chess Federation">United States Chess Federation</a> rules call for a king height between 3.375 to 4.5 inches (85.7 to 114.3 mm). A height of about 3.75 to 4 inches (95 to 102 mm) is preferred by most players. The diameter of the king should be 40–50% of its height. The size of the other pieces should be in proportion to the king. The pieces should be well balanced such that their center of gravity is closer to the board. This is done by adding weights such as iron studs or lead blocks at the bottom and felted. It makes the pieces bottom-heavy and keeps them from toppling easily (a well-weighted piece should come upright even if tilted 60 degrees off vertical axis). This helps in blitz games as the speed of movement doesn't offer enough time or precision in dropping the pieces onto the intended squares. The length of each side of the squares on the chessboard should be about 1.25–1.3 times the diameter of the base of the king, or 2 to 2.5 inches (51 to 64 mm). Squares of about 2.25 inches (57 mm) are normally well suited for pieces with the kings in the preferred size range. These criteria are from the United States Chess Federation's <i>Official Rules of Chess</i>, which is based on the <a href="FIDE" title="FIDE">Fédération Internationale des Échecs</a> rules.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJustBurg2003224–27_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJustBurg2003224–27-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>
The <a href="Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">grandmaster</a> <a href="Larry_Evans_(chess_grandmaster)" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry Evans (chess grandmaster)">Larry Evans</a> offered this advice on buying a set:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans197318_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans197318-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><blockquote><p>Make sure the one you buy is easy on the eye, felt-based, and heavy (weighted). The men should be constructed so they don't come apart. ... The regulation board used by the U. S. Chess Federation is green and <a href="Buff_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Buff (color)">buff</a>—never red and black. However, there are several good inlaid wood boards on the market. ... Avoid cheap equipment. Chess offers a lifetime of enjoyment for just a few dollars well spent at the outset.</p></blockquote>
<p>The most expensive chess set is the Jewel Royale which was made in 2005 by the British jewelry company <a href="Boodles_(company)" title="Boodles (company)">Boodles</a>, made of solid <a href="Gold" title="Gold">gold</a> and <a href="Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a> with nearly 1000 rubies, diamonds, and sapphires valued at $9.8 million.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pocket_and_travel_sets">Pocket and travel sets</h2></div>
<p>Some small magnetic sets, designed to be compact and/or for travel, have pieces more like those used in <a href="Shogi" title="Shogi">shogi</a> and <a href="Xiangqi" title="Xiangqi">xiangqi</a> – each piece being a similar flat token, with a symbol printed on it to identify the piece type.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chess_boxes">Chess boxes</h2></div>
<p>A container for holding chess pieces is known as a chess box.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most commonly made of <a href="Wood" title="Wood">wood</a>, a chess box can be constructed of any material. The internal box configuration can be individual slots for each chess piece, one divider to separate the white and black pieces or no divider with the chess pieces mixed together. The chess box is typically rectangular but can be done in a variety a shapes including a <a href="Coffer" title="Coffer">coffer</a> top or sliding <a href="Drawer_(furniture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drawer (furniture)">drawers</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Computer_images">Computer images</h2></div>
<p><a href="Computer_chess" title="Computer chess">On computers</a>, chess pieces are often <a href="2D_computer_graphics" title="2D computer graphics">2D</a> symbols on a 2D board, although some programs have <a href="3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D graphics engines</a> with more traditional designs of chess pieces.
</p><p>Unicode contains <a href="Chess_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Chess symbols in Unicode">symbols for chess pieces</a> in both white and black.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div>
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<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">A St. George style set</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Antique Indian chess set</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Staunton pieces made of rosewood</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Staunton pieces made of plastic</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Staunton chess pieces on chess board</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Antique <a href="Jaques_of_London" title="Jaques of London">Jaques of London</a> portable chess set</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Chessboard for <a href="International_Braille_Chess_Association" title="International Braille Chess Association">blind players</a> with black pieces marked with a pin on top, black squares marked by being raised above white, and all squares having holes so the pieces can be stuck in them</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 225px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Polish Węgiel set</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
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<ul><li><a href="Chess_equipment" title="Chess equipment">Chess equipment</a></li>
<li><a href="Dubrovnik_chess_set" title="Dubrovnik chess set">Dubrovnik chess set</a></li>
<li><a href="G%C3%B6kyay_Association_Chess_Museum" title="Gökyay Association Chess Museum">Gökyay Association Chess Museum</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
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<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fide.com/FIDE/handbook/Standards_of_Chess_Equipment_and_tournament_venue.pdf">FIDE Standards of Chess Equipment and tournament venue for FIDE Tournaments</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Free-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Free_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Free_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Free_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNepomuceno2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nepomuceno, Miguel Ángel (2020-06-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zendalibros.com/las-piezas-de-ajedrez-de-san-genadio-i/">"Las piezas de ajedrez de San Genadio (I)"</a>. <i>Zenda</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-24</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">García, Leontxo (2018-08-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/07/17/la_bitacora_de_leontxo/1531825559_525847.html">"Un tesoro histórico ignorado del siglo IX o por qué el ajedrez debería ser Marca España"</a>. <i>El País</i> (in Spanish). <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1134-6582">1134-6582</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-24</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCazaux2009" class="citation web cs1">Cazaux, Jean-Louis (2009-08-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://history.chess.free.fr/charlemagne.htm">"The so-called Charlemagne Chessmen"</a>. <i>Chess History</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-07</span></span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=6665">"The enigma of the Lewis chessmen"</a>. Chessbase. 9 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160425173905/https://www.museum.ie/NationalMuseumIreland/media/Guidebooks/1_Archaeology/ks_guide_web_en.pdf">"Guide to the National Museum of Ireland Archaeology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.museum.ie/NationalMuseumIreland/media/Guidebooks/1_Archaeology/ks_guide_web_en.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 April 2016.</cite></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHooperWhyld199276-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHooperWhyld199276_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHooperWhyld1992">Hooper & Whyld 1992</a>, p. 76.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/reviews/davis/davis11-1-05_detail.asp?picnum=3">Man Ray set</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJustBurg2003225-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJustBurg2003225_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJustBurg2003">Just & Burg 2003</a>, p. 225.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJune2020" class="citation news cs1">June, Sophia (24 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/24/business/chess-sets-cost-queens-gambit.html">"What Are You Paying For in a $300 Chess Set? Mostly the Knights"</a>. <i><a href="The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJustBurg2003224,_226-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJustBurg2003224,_226_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJustBurg2003">Just & Burg 2003</a>, pp. 224, 226.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJustBurg2003224–27-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJustBurg2003224–27_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJustBurg2003">Just & Burg 2003</a>, pp. 224–27.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans197318-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans197318_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEvans1973">Evans 1973</a>, p. 18.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbr.com/the-most-expensive-board-games-with-prices/#jewel-royale-chess-set-is-the-most-lavish-board-game-ever-9-8-million">"The 10 Most Expensive Board Games (With Prices)"</a>. <i>www.cbr.com</i>. 2022-02-15.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chess-museum.com/chess-boxes.html">Chess Museum - Chess Box</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1FA00.pdf">"Chess Symbols, Range: 1FA00–1FA6F"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 4,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div>
<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFEvans1973" class="citation cs2"><a href="Larry_Evans_(chess_grandmaster)" class="mw-redirect" title="Larry Evans (chess grandmaster)">Evans, Larry</a> (1973), <i>Evans on Chess</i>, Cornerstone Library, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-87749-699-4</bdi></cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFHooperWhyld1992" class="citation cs2"><a href="David_Vincent_Hooper" title="David Vincent Hooper">Hooper, David</a>; <a href="Kenneth_Whyld" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Whyld">Whyld, Kenneth</a> (1992), "Value of pieces", <a href="The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess"><i>The Oxford Companion to Chess</i></a> (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-19-280049-3</bdi></cite></li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFJustBurg2003" class="citation cs2">Just, Tim; Burg, Daniel S. (2003), <i>U.S. Chess Federation's Official Rules of Chess</i> (5th ed.), McKay, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8129-3559-4</bdi></cite></li></ul>
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</style><div id="Chess_pieces110" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">Chess pieces</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orthodox pieces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">Bishop</a></li>
<li><a href="King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">King</a></li>
<li><a href="Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">Knight</a></li>
<li><a href="Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawn</a></li>
<li><a href="Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">Queen</a></li>
<li><a href="Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">Rook</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy pieces</a> (<a href="List_of_fairy_chess_pieces" title="List of fairy chess pieces">List</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Alfil" title="Alfil">Alfil</a></li>
<li><a href="Amazon_(chess)" title="Amazon (chess)">Amazon</a></li>
<li><a href="Berolina_pawn" title="Berolina pawn">Berolina pawn</a></li>
<li><a href="Camel_(chess)" title="Camel (chess)">Camel</a></li>
<li><a href="Dabbaba_(chess)" title="Dabbaba (chess)">Dabbaba</a></li>
<li><a href="Empress_(chess)" title="Empress (chess)">Empress</a></li>
<li><a href="Ferz" title="Ferz">Ferz</a></li>
<li><a href="Giraffe_(chess)" title="Giraffe (chess)">Giraffe</a></li>
<li><a href="Grasshopper_(chess)" title="Grasshopper (chess)">Grasshopper</a></li>
<li><a href="Mann_(chess)" title="Mann (chess)">Mann</a></li>
<li><a href="Nightrider_(chess)" title="Nightrider (chess)">Nightrider</a></li>
<li><a href="Princess_(chess)" title="Princess (chess)">Princess</a></li>
<li><a href="Wazir_(chess)" title="Wazir (chess)">Wazir</a></li>
<li><a href="Zebra_(chess)" title="Zebra (chess)">Zebra</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li> (<a href="Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Hippogonal" title="Hippogonal">Hippogonal</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_piece_relative_value" title="Chess piece relative value">Piece point values</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chess445" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Chess445" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Chess" title="Chess">Chess</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Outline_of_chess" title="Outline of chess">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Chess_theory" title="Chess theory">Chess theory</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_title" title="Chess title">Chess titles</a>
<ul><li><a href="Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">Grandmaster</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Computer_chess" title="Computer chess">Computer chess</a>
<ul><li><a href="Glossary_of_computer_chess_terms" title="Glossary of computer chess terms">glossary</a></li>
<li><a href="Human%E2%80%93computer_chess_matches" title="Human–computer chess matches">matches</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">engines</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_chess_software" title="List of chess software">software</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Correspondence_chess" title="Correspondence chess">Correspondence chess</a></li>
<li><a href="FIDE" title="FIDE">FIDE</a></li>
<li><a href="Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Glossary</a></li>
<li><a href="Online_chess" title="Online chess">Online chess</a>
<ul><li><a href="Premove" title="Premove">Premove</a></li>
<li><a href="Internet_chess_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet chess server">Internet chess server</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_internet_chess_platforms" title="List of internet chess platforms">list</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Chess_rating_system" title="Chess rating system">Rating system</a>
<ul><li><a href="FIDE_world_rankings" class="mw-redirect" title="FIDE world rankings">world rankings</a></li>
<li><a href="Norm_(chess)" title="Norm (chess)">norms</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Chess_variant" title="Chess variant">Variants</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_chess_variants" title="List of chess variants">List</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="List_of_world_records_in_chess" title="List of world records in chess">World records</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chess_equipment" title="Chess equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>
<ul><li><a href="Chessboard" title="Chessboard">chessboard</a></li>
<li><a href="Dubrovnik_chess_set" title="Dubrovnik chess set">Dubrovnik chess set</a></li>
<li><a href="Staunton_chess_set" title="Staunton chess set">Staunton chess set</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Chess_piece" title="Chess piece">Chess pieces</a>
<ul><li><a href="King_(chess)" title="King (chess)">King</a></li>
<li><a href="Queen_(chess)" title="Queen (chess)">Queen</a></li>
<li><a href="Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">Rook</a></li>
<li><a href="Bishop_(chess)" title="Bishop (chess)">Bishop</a></li>
<li><a href="Knight_(chess)" title="Knight (chess)">Knight</a></li>
<li><a href="Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawn</a></li>
<li><a href="Fairy_chess_piece" title="Fairy chess piece">Fairy</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Chess_clock" title="Chess clock">Chess clock</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_table" title="Chess table">Chess table</a></li>
<li><dfn><a href="Glossary_of_chess#score_sheets" title="Glossary of chess"><span title="See entry at: Glossary of chess § Score sheets" style="color:inherit;" class="glossary-link">Score sheets</span></a></dfn></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="History_of_chess" title="History of chess">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_chess" title="Timeline of chess">Timeline</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="Versus_de_scachis" title="Versus de scachis">Versus de scachis</a></i></li>
<li><i><a href="G%C3%B6ttingen_manuscript" title="Göttingen manuscript">Göttingen manuscript</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Charlemagne_chessmen" title="Charlemagne chessmen">Charlemagne chessmen</a></li>
<li><a href="Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li>
<li><a href="Romantic_chess" title="Romantic chess">Romantic chess</a></li>
<li><a href="Hypermodernism_(chess)" title="Hypermodernism (chess)">Hypermodernism</a></li>
<li><a href="Soviet_chess_school" title="Soviet chess school">Soviet chess school</a></li>
<li><a href="Comparison_of_top_chess_players_throughout_history" title="Comparison of top chess players throughout history">Top player comparison</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Geography_of_chess" title="Geography of chess">Geography of chess</a>
<ul><li><a href="Chess_in_Africa" title="Chess in Africa">Africa</a>
<ul><li><a href="Chess_in_South_Africa" title="Chess in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Chess_in_China" title="Chess in China">China</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_in_Europe" title="Chess in Europe">Europe</a>
<ul><li><a href="Chess_in_Armenia" title="Chess in Armenia">Armenia</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_in_Spain" title="Chess in Spain">Spain</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Chess_in_India" title="Chess in India">India</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="List_of_chess_games" title="List of chess games">Notable games</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_chess_players" title="List of chess players">List of chess players</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_amateur_chess_players" title="List of amateur chess players">amateurs</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_female_chess_players" title="List of female chess players">female</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_chess_grandmasters" title="List of chess grandmasters">grandmasters</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Women_in_chess" title="Women in chess">Women in chess</a></li>
<li><a href="Transgender_people_in_chess" title="Transgender people in chess">Transgender people in chess</a></li>
<li>Chess museums
<ul><li><a href="Bobby_Fischer_Center" title="Bobby Fischer Center">Bobby Fischer Center</a></li>
<li><a href="G%C3%B6kyay_Association_Chess_Museum" title="Gökyay Association Chess Museum">Gökyay Association Chess Museum</a></li>
<li><a href="World_Chess_Hall_of_Fame" title="World Chess Hall of Fame">World Chess Hall of Fame</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Rules_of_chess" title="Rules of chess">Rules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Castling" title="Castling">Castling</a></li>
<li><a href="Cheating_in_chess" title="Cheating in chess">Cheating in chess</a></li>
<li><a href="Check_(chess)" title="Check (chess)">Check</a></li>
<li><a href="Checkmate" title="Checkmate">Checkmate</a></li>
<li><a href="Draw_(chess)" title="Draw (chess)">Draw</a>
<ul><li><a href="Draw_by_agreement" title="Draw by agreement">by agreement</a></li>
<li><a href="Fifty-move_rule" title="Fifty-move rule">Fifty-move rule</a></li>
<li><a href="Perpetual_check" title="Perpetual check">Perpetual check</a></li>
<li><a href="Stalemate" title="Stalemate">Stalemate</a></li>
<li><a href="Threefold_repetition" title="Threefold repetition">Threefold repetition</a></li></ul></li>
<li><i><a href="En_passant" title="En passant">En passant</a></i></li>
<li><a href="Promotion_(chess)" title="Promotion (chess)">Pawn promotion</a></li>
<li><a href="Time_control" title="Time control">Time control</a>
<ul><li><a href="Fast_chess" title="Fast chess">Fast chess</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Touch-move_rule" title="Touch-move rule">Touch-move rule</a></li>
<li><a href="White_and_Black_in_chess" title="White and Black in chess">White and Black</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Glossary_of_chess" title="Glossary of chess">Terms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Blunder_(chess)" title="Blunder (chess)">Blunder</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_notation" title="Chess notation">Chess notation</a>
<ul><li><a href="Algebraic_notation_(chess)" title="Algebraic notation (chess)">algebraic</a></li>
<li><a href="Descriptive_notation" title="Descriptive notation">descriptive</a></li>
<li><a href="Portable_Game_Notation" title="Portable Game Notation">PGN</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_annotation_symbols" title="Chess annotation symbols">annotation symbols</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Chess symbols in Unicode">symbols in Unicode</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Fianchetto" title="Fianchetto">Fianchetto</a></li>
<li><a href="Gambit" title="Gambit">Gambit</a></li>
<li><a href="Key_square" title="Key square">Key square</a></li>
<li><a href="King_walk" title="King walk">King walk</a></li>
<li><a href="Open_file" title="Open file">Open file</a>
<ul><li><a href="Half-open_file" title="Half-open file">Half-open file</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Outpost_(chess)" title="Outpost (chess)">Outpost</a></li>
<li><a href="Pawn_(chess)" title="Pawn (chess)">Pawns</a>
<ul><li><a href="Backward_pawn" title="Backward pawn">backward</a></li>
<li><a href="Connected_pawns" title="Connected pawns">connected</a></li>
<li><a href="Doubled_pawns" title="Doubled pawns">doubled</a></li>
<li><a href="Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">isolated</a></li>
<li><a href="Passed_pawn" title="Passed pawn">passed</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Swindle_(chess)" title="Swindle (chess)">Swindle</a></li>
<li><a href="Tempo_(chess)" title="Tempo (chess)">Tempo</a></li>
<li><a href="Transposition_(chess)" title="Transposition (chess)">Transposition</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_chess_traps" title="List of chess traps">Trap</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chess_tactic" title="Chess tactic">Tactics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Castling#Artificial_castling" title="Castling">Artificial castling</a></li>
<li><a href="Battery_(chess)" title="Battery (chess)">Battery</a>
<ul><li><a href="Alekhine's_gun" title="Alekhine's gun">Alekhine's gun</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Block_(chess)" title="Block (chess)">Block</a></li>
<li><a href="Checkmate_pattern" title="Checkmate pattern">Checkmate patterns</a></li>
<li><a href="Combination_(chess)" title="Combination (chess)">Combination</a></li>
<li><a href="Decoy_(chess)" title="Decoy (chess)">Decoy</a></li>
<li><a href="Deflection_(chess)" title="Deflection (chess)">Deflection</a></li>
<li><a href="Desperado_(chess)" title="Desperado (chess)">Desperado</a></li>
<li><a href="Discovered_attack" title="Discovered attack">Discovered attack</a></li>
<li><a href="Double_check" title="Double check">Double check</a></li>
<li><a href="Fork_(chess)" title="Fork (chess)">Fork</a></li>
<li><a href="Interference_(chess)" title="Interference (chess)">Interference</a></li>
<li><a href="Overloading_(chess)" title="Overloading (chess)">Overloading</a></li>
<li><a href="Pawn_storm" title="Pawn storm">Pawn storm</a></li>
<li><a href="Pin_(chess)" title="Pin (chess)">Pin</a></li>
<li><a href="Sacrifice_(chess)" title="Sacrifice (chess)">Sacrifice</a>
<ul><li><a href="Queen_sacrifice" title="Queen sacrifice">Queen sacrifice</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Skewer_(chess)" title="Skewer (chess)">Skewer</a></li>
<li><a href="Undermining_(chess)" title="Undermining (chess)">Undermining</a></li>
<li><a href="Windmill_(chess)" title="Windmill (chess)">Windmill</a></li>
<li><a href="X-ray_(chess)" title="X-ray (chess)">X-ray</a></li>
<li><a href="Zwischenzug" title="Zwischenzug">Zwischenzug</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chess_strategy" title="Chess strategy">Strategy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Compensation_(chess)" title="Compensation (chess)">Compensation</a></li>
<li><a href="Exchange_(chess)" title="Exchange (chess)">Exchange</a>
<ul><li><a href="The_exchange_(chess)" title="The exchange (chess)">the exchange</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Initiative_(chess)" title="Initiative (chess)">Initiative</a>
<ul><li><a href="First-move_advantage_in_chess" title="First-move advantage in chess">first-move advantage</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Chess_middlegame" title="Chess middlegame">Middlegame</a></li>
<li><a href="Pawn_structure" title="Pawn structure">Pawn structure</a>
<ul><li><a href="Hedgehog_(chess)" title="Hedgehog (chess)">Hedgehog</a></li>
<li><a href="Isolated_pawn" title="Isolated pawn">Isolated Queen's Pawn</a></li>
<li><a href="Mar%C3%B3czy_Bind" title="Maróczy Bind">Maróczy Bind</a></li>
<li><a href="Minority_attack" title="Minority attack">Minority attack</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Chess_piece_relative_value" title="Chess piece relative value">Piece values</a></li>
<li><a href="Prophylaxis_(chess)" title="Prophylaxis (chess)">Prophylaxis</a></li>
<li><a href="School_of_chess" title="School of chess">School of chess</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chess_opening" title="Chess opening">Openings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Flank_opening" title="Flank opening">Flank opening</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="King's_Fianchetto_Opening" title="King's Fianchetto Opening">Benko Opening</a></li>
<li><a href="Bird's_Opening" title="Bird's Opening">Bird's Opening</a></li>
<li><a href="Dunst_Opening" title="Dunst Opening">Dunst Opening</a></li>
<li><a href="English_Opening" title="English Opening">English Opening</a></li>
<li><a href="Grob's_Attack" title="Grob's Attack">Grob's Attack</a></li>
<li><a href="Larsen's_Opening" class="mw-redirect" title="Larsen's Opening">Larsen's Opening</a></li>
<li><a href="Zukertort_Opening" title="Zukertort Opening">Zukertort Opening</a>
<ul><li><a href="King's_Indian_Attack" title="King's Indian Attack">King's Indian Attack</a></li>
<li><a href="R%C3%A9ti_Opening" title="Réti Opening">Réti Opening</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="King's_Pawn_Game" title="King's Pawn Game">King's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Alekhine's_Defence" title="Alekhine's Defence">Alekhine's Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="Caro%E2%80%93Kann_Defence" title="Caro–Kann Defence">Caro–Kann Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="French_Defence" title="French Defence">French Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="Modern_Defense" title="Modern Defense">Modern Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="Nimzowitsch_Defence" title="Nimzowitsch Defence">Nimzowitsch Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="Open_Game" title="Open Game">Open Game</a>
<ul><li><a href="Four_Knights_Game" title="Four Knights Game">Four Knights Game</a></li>
<li><a href="Giuoco_Piano" title="Giuoco Piano">Giuoco Piano</a></li>
<li><a href="Italian_Game" title="Italian Game">Italian Game</a></li>
<li><a href="King's_Gambit" title="King's Gambit">King's Gambit</a></li>
<li><a href="Petrov's_Defence" title="Petrov's Defence">Petrov's Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="Philidor_Defence" title="Philidor Defence">Philidor Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="Ponziani_Opening" title="Ponziani Opening">Ponziani Opening</a></li>
<li><a href="Ruy_Lopez" title="Ruy Lopez">Ruy Lopez</a></li>
<li><a href="Semi-Italian_Opening" title="Semi-Italian Opening">Semi-Italian Opening</a></li>
<li><a href="Scotch_Game" title="Scotch Game">Scotch Game</a></li>
<li><a href="Two_Knights_Defense" title="Two Knights Defense">Two Knights Defense</a></li>
<li><a href="Vienna_Game" title="Vienna Game">Vienna Game</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Owen's_Defence" title="Owen's Defence">Owen's Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="Pirc_Defence" title="Pirc Defence">Pirc Defence</a>
<ul><li><a href="Pirc_Defence%2C_Austrian_Attack" title="Pirc Defence, Austrian Attack">Austrian Attack</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Scandinavian_Defense" title="Scandinavian Defense">Scandinavian Defense</a></li>
<li><a href="Sicilian_Defence" title="Sicilian Defence">Sicilian Defence</a>
<ul><li><a href="Sicilian_Defence%2C_Alapin_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Alapin Variation">Alapin</a></li>
<li><a href="Sicilian_Defence%2C_Dragon_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Dragon Variation">Dragon</a>/<a href="Sicilian_Defence%2C_Accelerated_Dragon" title="Sicilian Defence, Accelerated Dragon">Accelerated Dragon</a></li>
<li><a href="Sicilian_Defence%2C_Najdorf_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation">Najdorf</a></li>
<li><a href="Sicilian_Defence%2C_Scheveningen_Variation" title="Sicilian Defence, Scheveningen Variation">Scheveningen</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Queen's_Pawn_Game" title="Queen's Pawn Game">Queen's Pawn Game</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Budapest_Gambit" title="Budapest Gambit">Budapest Gambit</a></li>
<li><a href="Colle_System" title="Colle System">Colle System</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Defence" title="Dutch Defence">Dutch Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="English_Defence" title="English Defence">English Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="Indian_Defence" title="Indian Defence">Indian Defence</a>
<ul><li><a href="Benoni_Defense" title="Benoni Defense">Benoni Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="Modern_Benoni" title="Modern Benoni">Modern Benoni</a></li>
<li><a href="Bogo-Indian_Defence" title="Bogo-Indian Defence">Bogo-Indian Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="Catalan_Opening" title="Catalan Opening">Catalan Opening</a></li>
<li><a href="Gr%C3%BCnfeld_Defence" title="Grünfeld Defence">Grünfeld Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="King's_Indian_Defence" title="King's Indian Defence">King's Indian Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="Nimzo-Indian_Defence" title="Nimzo-Indian Defence">Nimzo-Indian Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="Old_Indian_Defense" title="Old Indian Defense">Old Indian Defense</a></li>
<li><a href="Queen's_Indian_Defense" title="Queen's Indian Defense">Queen's Indian Defence</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="London_System" title="London System">London System</a></li>
<li><a href="Richter%E2%80%93Veresov_Attack" title="Richter–Veresov Attack">Richter–Veresov Attack</a></li>
<li><a href="Queen's_Gambit" title="Queen's Gambit">Queen's Gambit</a>
<ul><li><a href="Queen's_Gambit_Accepted" title="Queen's Gambit Accepted">Accepted</a></li>
<li><a href="Queen's_Gambit_Declined" title="Queen's Gambit Declined">Declined</a></li>
<li><a href="Slav_Defense" title="Slav Defense">Slav Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="Semi-Slav_Defense" title="Semi-Slav Defense">Semi-Slav Defence</a></li>
<li><a href="Chigorin_Defense" title="Chigorin Defense">Chigorin Defense</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Torre_Attack" title="Torre Attack">Torre Attack</a></li>
<li><a href="Trompowsky_Attack" title="Trompowsky Attack">Trompowsky Attack</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_chess_openings" title="List of chess openings">List of openings</a>
<ul><li><a href="Chess_opening_theory_table" title="Chess opening theory table">theory table</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="List_of_chess_gambits" title="List of chess gambits">List of chess gambits</a></li>
<li><a href="Irregular_chess_opening" title="Irregular chess opening">Irregular</a>
<ul><li><a href="Bongcloud_Attack" title="Bongcloud Attack">Bongcloud Attack</a></li>
<li><a href="Fool's_mate" title="Fool's mate">Fool's mate</a></li>
<li><a href="Scholar's_mate" title="Scholar's mate">Scholar's mate</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chess_endgame" title="Chess endgame">Endgames</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Bishop_and_knight_checkmate" title="Bishop and knight checkmate">Bishop and knight checkmate</a></li>
<li><a href="King_and_pawn_versus_king_endgame" title="King and pawn versus king endgame">King and pawn vs. king</a></li>
<li><a href="Opposite-colored_bishops_endgame" title="Opposite-colored bishops endgame">Opposite-coloured bishops</a></li>
<li><a href="Pawnless_chess_endgame" title="Pawnless chess endgame">Pawnless endgame</a></li>
<li><a href="Queen_and_pawn_versus_queen_endgame" title="Queen and pawn versus queen endgame">Queen and pawn vs. queen</a></li>
<li><a href="Queen_versus_pawn_endgame" title="Queen versus pawn endgame">Queen vs. pawn</a></li>
<li><a href="Queen_versus_rook_endgame" title="Queen versus rook endgame">Queen vs. rook</a></li>
<li><a href="Rook_and_bishop_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and bishop versus rook endgame">Rook and bishop vs. rook</a></li>
<li><a href="Rook_and_pawn_versus_rook_endgame" title="Rook and pawn versus rook endgame">Rook and pawn vs. rook</a>
<ul><li><a href="Lucena_position" title="Lucena position">Lucena position</a></li>
<li><a href="Philidor_position" title="Philidor position">Philidor position</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Strategy
<ul><li><a href="Fortress_(chess)" title="Fortress (chess)">fortress</a></li>
<li><a href="Opposition_(chess)" title="Opposition (chess)">opposition</a></li>
<li><a href="Tarrasch_rule" title="Tarrasch rule">Tarrasch rule</a></li>
<li><a href="Triangulation_(chess)" title="Triangulation (chess)">triangulation</a></li>
<li><a href="Zugzwang" title="Zugzwang">Zugzwang</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Endgame_study" title="Endgame study">Study</a></li>
<li><a href="Endgame_tablebase" title="Endgame tablebase">Tablebase</a></li>
<li><a href="Two_knights_endgame" title="Two knights endgame">Two knights endgame</a></li>
<li><a href="Wrong_bishop" title="Wrong bishop">Wrong bishop</a></li>
<li><a href="Wrong_rook_pawn" title="Wrong rook pawn">Wrong rook pawn</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chess_tournament" title="Chess tournament">Tournaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_strong_chess_tournaments" title="List of strong chess tournaments">List of strong chess tournaments</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_Olympiad" title="Chess Olympiad">Chess Olympiad</a>
<ul><li><a href="Women's_Chess_Olympiad" title="Women's Chess Olympiad">Women</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="World_Chess_Championship" title="World Chess Championship">World Chess Championship</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_World_Chess_Championships" title="List of World Chess Championships">List</a></li>
<li><a href="Candidates_Tournament" title="Candidates Tournament">Candidates Tournament</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_World_Cup" title="Chess World Cup">Chess World Cup</a></li>
<li><a href="FIDE_Grand_Prix" title="FIDE Grand Prix">FIDE Grand Prix</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Other world championships
<ul><li><a href="Women's_World_Chess_Championship" title="Women's World Chess Championship">Women</a></li>
<li><a href="World_Team_Chess_Championship" title="World Team Chess Championship">Team</a></li>
<li><a href="World_Rapid_Chess_Championship" title="World Rapid Chess Championship">Rapid</a></li>
<li><a href="World_Blitz_Chess_Championship" title="World Blitz Chess Championship">Blitz</a></li>
<li><a href="World_Junior_Chess_Championship" title="World Junior Chess Championship">Junior</a></li>
<li><a href="World_Youth_Chess_Championship" title="World Youth Chess Championship">Youth</a></li>
<li><a href="World_Senior_Chess_Championship" title="World Senior Chess Championship">Senior</a></li>
<li><a href="World_Amateur_Chess_Championship" title="World Amateur Chess Championship">Amateur</a></li>
<li><a href="World_Championship_of_Chess_Composition" title="World Championship of Chess Composition">Chess composition</a></li>
<li><a href="World_Chess_Solving_Championship" title="World Chess Solving Championship">Solving</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Computer chess championships
<ul><li><a href="Chess.com_Computer_Chess_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Chess.com Computer Chess Championship">CCC</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Open_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="Dutch Open Computer Chess Championship">CSVN</a></li>
<li><a href="North_American_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="North American Computer Chess Championship">North American</a></li>
<li><a href="Top_Chess_Engine_Championship" title="Top Chess Engine Championship">TCEC</a></li>
<li><a href="World_Computer_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Chess Championship">WCCC</a></li>
<li><a href="World_Computer_Speed_Chess_Championship" title="World Computer Speed Chess Championship">WCSCC</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art and media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Ca%C3%AFssa" title="Caïssa">Caïssa</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_aesthetics" title="Chess aesthetics">Chess aesthetics</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_in_the_arts" title="Chess in the arts">Chess in the arts</a>
<ul><li><a href="Chess_in_early_literature" title="Chess in early literature">early literature</a></li>
<li>film</li>
<li>novels</li>
<li>paintings</li>
<li>poetry</li>
<li>short stories</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="List_of_chess_books" title="List of chess books">Chess books</a>
<ul><li><a href="Chess_opening_book" title="Chess opening book">opening books</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_endgame_literature" title="Chess endgame literature">endgame literature</a></li>
<li><a href="The_Oxford_Companion_to_Chess" title="The Oxford Companion to Chess"><i>Oxford Companion</i></a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Chess_libraries" title="Chess libraries">Chess libraries</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_columns_in_newspapers" title="Chess columns in newspapers">Chess newspaper columns</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_chess_periodicals" title="List of chess periodicals">Chess periodicals</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Arbiter_(chess)" title="Arbiter (chess)">Arbiter</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_boxing" title="Chess boxing">Chess boxing</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_club" title="Chess club">Chess club</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_composer" title="Chess composer">Chess composer</a></li>
<li><a href="Chess_engine" title="Chess engine">Chess engine</a>
<ul><li><a href="AlphaZero" title="AlphaZero">AlphaZero</a></li>
<li><a href="Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)" title="Deep Blue (chess computer)">Deep Blue</a></li>
<li><a href="Leela_Chess_Zero" title="Leela Chess Zero">Leela Chess Zero</a></li>
<li><a href="Mittens_(chess)" title="Mittens (chess)">Mittens</a></li>
<li><a href="Stockfish_(chess)" title="Stockfish (chess)">Stockfish</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Chess_problem" title="Chess problem">Chess problem</a>
<ul><li><a href="Glossary_of_chess_problems" title="Glossary of chess problems">glossary</a></li>
<li><a href="Joke_chess_problem" title="Joke chess problem">joke chess</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Chess_prodigy" title="Chess prodigy">Chess prodigy</a></li>
<li><a href="Elo_rating_system" title="Elo rating system">Elo rating system</a></li>
<li><a href="Mechanical_Turk" title="Mechanical Turk">Mechanical Turk</a></li>
<li><a href="Simultaneous_exhibition" title="Simultaneous exhibition">Simultaneous exhibition</a></li>
<li><a href="Tie-breaking_in_Swiss-system_tournaments" title="Tie-breaking in Swiss-system tournaments">Tie-breaking in Swiss-system tournaments</a></li>
<li><a href="Solving_chess" title="Solving chess">Solving chess</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> </span><a href="Portal%3AChess" title="Portal:Chess">Chess portal</a></li>
<li>Category</li></ul>
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